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PiKVM is the software that is installed on the Raspberry Pi.

PiKVM comes with the following default passwords:

• Linux admin (SSH, console, etc.): user root, password root.

• PiKVM Web Interface (API, VNC...): user admin, password admin, no 2FA code.

These are two separate entities with independent accounts.

To change passwords, you will need to use the console access via SSH or the Web Terminal. If you are using the Web Terminal, enter the su - command to get the root access (enter the root user password).

[root@pikvm ~]# rw
[root@pikvm ~]# passwd root
[root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-htpasswd set admin
[root@pikvm ~]# ro

If you require additional user for the Web UI access, use the following:

[root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-htpasswd set <user> # Set a new user with password or change of an existing one
[root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-htpasswd del <user> # Remove/delete a user

Optionally you can enable the two-factor authentication for more security.

Changing the VNCAuth passkey and IPMI password at the first start of PiKVM is not required, since these services are disabled by default. But it is here just so that you remember their existence.

PiSugar

The PiSugar 3 provides uninterrupted power (UPS) to the Netrabrick lid components. This way, even if the Netrabrick server loses power, or needs to be rebooted, the Netrabrick lid will remain online long enough to provide a power-outage notification.

Also, the PiSugar 3 functions as an external watchdog reset for the Raspberry Pi.

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4G modem

If the Netrabrick lid loses communications with the internet, a 4G modem can be activated by the lid to notify about the communications failure.

Setup Steps

1. 3D print the Netrabrick lid cover.

2. Screw on the lid components

3. Connect the headers cables to the PiSugar and Raspberry Pi.

4. Flash the PiKVM image onto a the Raspberry Pi Zero W 2.

5. Install the SD card in the Raspberry Pi

6. Attach the lid, and connect the HDMI - CS1 adapter cable

Printing the Netrabrick lid cover

Attaching the Netrabrick lid components

Open the Netrabrick by removing the four bottom screws:

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Be careful to not disconnect or break the SATA drive cable connection:

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Connecting the header cables to the PiSugar and RaspberryPi

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PiSugar

The PiSugar 3 provides uninterrupted power (UPS) to the Netrabrick lid components. This way, even if the Netrabrick server loses power, or needs to be rebooted, the Netrabrick lid will remain online long enough to provide a power-outage notification.

Also, the PiSugar 3 functions as an external watchdog reset for the Raspberry Pi.

...

4G modem

If the Netrabrick lid loses communications with the internet, a 4G modem can be activated by the lid to notify about the communications failure.

Setup Steps

1. 3D print the Netrabrick lid cover.

2. Attach the lid components

3. Connect the headers cables to the PiSugar and Raspberry Pi.

4. Flash the PiKVM image onto a the Raspberry Pi Zero W 2.

5. Install the SD card in the Raspberry Pi

6. Attach the lid, and connect the HDMI - CS1 adapter cable

Printing the Netrabrick lid cover

Attaching the Netrabrick lid components

Open the Netrabrick by removing the four bottom screws:

...

Be careful to not disconnect or break the SATA drive cable connection:

...

Connecting the header cables to the PiSugar and RaspberryPi

Flashing the PiKVM image

Image Added

1. Download the latest DIY PiKVM image for the HDMI-CSI bridge for the RaspberryPi Zero 2W and sha hash.

2. Validate the download image:

   Code Block
   PiKVM % shasum v2-hdmi-zero2w-latest.img.xz cdb1bb899a72351a2da924ceb0675130d01e46ed v2-hdmi-zero2w-latest.img.xz PiKVM % cat v2-hdmi-zero2w-latest.img.xz.sha1 cdb1bb899a72351a2da924ceb0675130d01e46ed%

3. Download the latest version of the DappNode ISO for Debian, attended, and note the sha1 hash.
   

4. Download and install the Raspberry Pi imager.

   1. Run RPi Imager:

      Image Added

   2. Press NO FILTERING then CHOOSE OS and select Use custom image at bottom of the list:

      Image AddedImage Added

   3. After clicking on this item, select the image file for PiKVM that you downloaded earlier then click CHOOSE STORAGE:

      Image Added

   4. Insert the memory card into the card reader. Choose the card reader from this list. Be careful and choose the right device:

      Image Added

   5. After choosing the memory card, press the WRITE button. Confirm the operation when you are asked about it:
      

      Image AddedImage Added

5. Mount the PiKVM memory card, and edit the filepikvm.txt. If you haven't enabled PiKVM yet, this file will contain a single line FIRST_BOOT=1.

WIFI_ESSID='mynet'
WIFI_PASSWD='p@s$$w0rd'
WIFI_ADDR=192.168.0.86/24
WIFI_DNS=8.8.8.8
WIFI_GW=192.168.0.1
SSH_PORT=2001

Note that backslash in the password should be escaped: \ should be written as \\.

If there was a string FIRST_BOOT=1 in the file, do not remove it. This is the trigger needed to initialize the OS at the first boot. On the contrary, if the file pikvm.txt does not exist, you should not add this line.

6. Unmount partition and insert the memory card on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W. Power on the Netrabrick.

7. Connect via ssh

   Code Block

   ssh -p 2001 root@192.168.0.86 root@192.168.0.86's password: _____ _ _ ____ ____ __ | __ (_)| |/ /\ \ / / \/ | | |__) | | ' / \ \ / /| \ / | | ___/ || < \ \/ / | |\/| | | | | || . \ \ / | | | | |_| |_||_|\_\ \/ |_| |_| Welcome to PiKVM - The Open Source KVM over IP on Raspberry Pi ____________________________________________________________________________ The root filesystem of PiKVM is mounted in the read-only mode by default. Use command "rw" to remount it in the RW-mode and "ro" to switch it back. If the filesystem is busy and doesn't switch to the RO-mode, use "reboot" to reboot the device, don't leave it in the RW-mode. Useful commands: * Preventing kernel messages in the console: dmesg -n 1 * Changing the Web UI password: kvmd-htpasswd set admin * Changing the root password: passwd Links: * Official website: https://pikvm.org * Documentation: https://docs.pikvm.org * Auth & 2FA: https://docs.pikvm.org/auth * Networking: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/systemd-networkd

8. Change the root password and web admin password
   

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm ~]# rw + mount -o remount,rw / + mount -o remount,rw /boot + set +x === PiKVM is in Read-Write mode === [root@pikvm ~]# passwd root New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully [root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-htpasswd set admin Password: Repeat: # Note: Users logged in with this username will stay logged in. # To invalidate their cookies you need to restart kvmd & kvmd-nginx: # systemctl restart kvmd kvmd-nginx # Be careful, this will break your connection to the PiKVM # and may affect the GPIO relays state. Also don't forget to edit # the files /etc/kvmd/{vncpasswd,ipmipasswd} and restart # the corresponding services kvmd-vnc & kvmd-ipmi if necessary.

10. Activate 2FA authentication with your favorite authenticator app:

    Code Block
    [root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-totp init

11. Connect via browser to the PiKVM address: 192.168.0.86. (Accept the unsecured connection, as we have not yet added a SSL certificate) using password

Install and configure Wireguard

1. Update the repo

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm pisugar-archlinux]# rw + mount -o remount,rw / + mount -o remount,rw /boot + set +x === PiKVM is in Read-Write mode === [root@pikvm pisugar-archlinux]# sudo pacman -Syy :: Synchronizing package databases... core 239.0 KiB 79.1 KiB/s 00:03 [###################################] 100% extra 9.0 MiB 414 KiB/s 00:22 [###################################] 100% community 45.0 B 121 B/s 00:00 [###################################] 100% alarm 94.8 KiB 243 KiB/s 00:00 [###################################] 100% aur 9.3 KiB 12.1 KiB/s 00:01 [###################################] 100% pikvm 10.7 KiB 3.00 KiB/s 00:04 [###################################] 100%

2. Install wireguard

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm pisugar-archlinux]# pacman -S wireguard-tools resolving dependencies... looking for conflicting packages... Packages (1) wireguard-tools-1.0.20210914-2 Total Download Size: 0.08 MiB Total Installed Size: 0.22 MiB :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] Y :: Retrieving packages... wireguard-tools-1.0.20210914-... 80.4 KiB 45.4 KiB/s 00:02 [###################################] 100% (1/1) checking keys in keyring [###################################] 100% (1/1) checking package integrity [###################################] 100% (1/1) loading package files [###################################] 100% (1/1) checking for file conflicts [###################################] 100% (1/1) checking available disk space [###################################] 100% :: Processing package changes... (1/1) installing wireguard-tools [###################################] 100% Optional dependencies for wireguard-tools openresolv: for DNS functionality [installed] sudo: elevate privileges [installed] :: Running post-transaction hooks... (1/2) Reloading system manager configuration... (2/2) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...

3. Create private and public keys

   Code Block
   wg genkey | tee privatekey | wg pubkey > publickey

4. Create the config file
   Now you can configure the server, just add a new file called /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf. Insert the following configuration lines and replace the <server-private-key> placeholder with the previously generated private key.

5. Code Block
   vi /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf [Interface] Address = 10.99.0.1 #SaveConfig = true PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE ListenPort = 51821 PrivateKey = <server-private-key> [Peer] PublicKey = <client-public-key> AllowedIPs = 10.99.0.2/32

6. Configure the wireguard client
   
   Now, we need to configure the client. Create a new file called /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf. Insert the following configuration lines and replace the <client-private-key> placeholder with the previously generated private key.

   Next, replace the <server-public-key> with the generated servers public key. And also replace <server-public-ip-address> with the IP address where the server listens for incoming connections.

   Code Block
   [Interface] PrivateKey = <client-private-key> ListenPort = 51821 Address = 10.99.0.2/32 [Peer] PublicKey = <server-public-key> AllowedIPs = 10.99.0.0/24 Endpoint = <server-public-ip-address>:51821 PersistentKeepalive = 30

7. Open ports (UDP) for wireguard on your router.

8. Start and test
   enable the wg0 interface with the following command

9. Code Block
   wg-quick up wg0 [#] ip link add wg0 type wireguard [#] wg setconf wg0 /dev/fd/63 [#] ip -4 address add 10.99.0.1/24 dev wg0 [#] ip link set mtu 1420 up dev wg0 [#] iptables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE;

   You can check the status of the connection with this command.

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm ~]# wg interface: wg0 public key: K9aP9W9TW/bfdaGQA2fSFBZh6ZZy198Q= private key: (hidden) listening port: 51821 [root@pikvm ~]# ifcongif -a -bash: ifcongif: command not found [root@pikvm ~]# ifconfig -a lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 99 bytes 8158 (7.9 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 99 bytes 8158 (7.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 wg0: flags=209<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP> mtu 1420 inet 10.99.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 destination 10.99.0.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 1000 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 inet6 fe80::e65f:1ff:fe87:f396 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether e4:5f:01:87:f3:96 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1505204 bytes 36789964 (35.0 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 1224409 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 110425 bytes 8452065 (8.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

10. Configure auto-start

11. Code Block
    [root@pikvm ~]# systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/wg-quick@wg0.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/wg-quick@.service.

Install and configure Lets Encrypt Certificates for the PiKVM

By installing and configuring a Let’s Encrypt Certificate, we can enable validated SSL connections to the PiKVM web interface. To do this, we need a valid domain name. For this, we will register the following names:

netrabrick.(bodega).openvino.org
pikvm.(bodega).openvino.org

Replacing (bodega) with the name of the winery…in this example Costaflores.

Currently, the registration of the DNS records for these domain entries is done manually, but eventually, the decentralized OpenVino Netrabricks will assume the DNS functions for the openvino.org domain and subdomains (and openvino.exchange).

1. Configure PST storage.

[root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-pstrun -- true
--    INFO -- Opening PST session ...
--    INFO -- PST write is allowed: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data
--    INFO -- Running the process ...
--    INFO -- Process finished: returncode=0

2. Enable ports 80 and 443 from the internet to PiKVM (192.168.0.86 in this example).

3. Request a new certificate

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-certbot certonly_webroot --agree-tos -n --email cert@openvino.org -d pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org -- INFO -- Opening PST session ... -- INFO -- PST write is allowed: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data -- INFO -- Running the process ... + mkdir -p /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot + chown -R kvmd-certbot: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/.. -- INFO -- Process finished: returncode=0 -- INFO -- Opening PST session ... -- INFO -- PST write is allowed: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data -- INFO -- Running the process ... Saving debug log to /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/logs/letsencrypt.log Requesting a certificate for pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org Hook 'deploy-hook' ran with error output: + chmod 755 /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/config/archive /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/config/live + chmod 640 /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/config/live/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/privkey.pem Successfully received certificate. Certificate is saved at: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/config/live/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/fullchain.pem Key is saved at: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/config/live/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/privkey.pem This certificate expires on 2024-07-14. These files will be updated when the certificate renews. NEXT STEPS: - The certificate will need to be renewed before it expires. Certbot can automatically renew the certificate in the background, but you may need to take steps to enable that functionality. See https://certbot.org/renewal-setup for instructions. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: * Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate * Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- INFO -- Process finished: returncode=0

4. Deactive port mapping from the internet to PiVKM on :80 and :443

5. Test renewing certs
   

   Code Block

   [root@pikvm ~]# kvmd-certbot renew --force-renewal Saving debug log to /tmp/kvmd-certbot/runroot/logs/letsencrypt.log - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Processing /tmp/kvmd-certbot/runroot/config/renewal/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org.conf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Renewing an existing certificate for pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Congratulations, all renewals succeeded: /tmp/kvmd-certbot/runroot/config/live/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/fullchain.pem (success) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- INFO -- Opening PST session ... -- INFO -- PST write is allowed: /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data -- INFO -- Running the process ... + rm -rf /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new + cp -a /tmp/kvmd-certbot/runroot/. /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new + rm /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/updated + chmod 755 /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/archive /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/live + chmod 640 /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/archive/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/privkey1.pem /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/archive/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/privkey2.pem /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/archive/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org/privkey3.pem + sed -s -i -e 's| = /tmp/kvmd-certbot/runroot/| = /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot/|g' /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/renewal/pikvm.costaflores.openvino.org.conf + rm -rf /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/logs/letsencrypt.log.1 /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/csr /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new/config/keys + sync + kvmd-helper-swapfiles /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot + rm -rf /var/lib/kvmd/pst/data/certbot/runroot.new -- INFO -- Process finished: returncode=0

6. Automate cert renewal

   Code Block
   [root@pikvm ~]# systemctl enable --now kvmd-certbot.timer Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/kvmd-certbot.timer -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kvmd-certbot.timer.

Configuring PiSugar

Add a pisugar user to the PiKVM (Raspberry Pi):

1. Connect via ssh to the PiKVM device.

2. Add a pisugar user:

[root@pikvm ~]# rw         
+ mount -o remount,rw /
+ mount -o remount,rw /boot
+ set +x
=== PiKVM is in Read-Write mode ===

useradd --system -s /usr/bin/bash pisugar
usermod -d /opt/pisugar -m pisugar
passwd pisugar

3. Add pisugar to /etc/sudoers

4. Download latest pisugar-archlinux_<version>_all.tar.gz from https://github.com/PiSugar/pisugar-power-manager-rs/releases

su - pisugar
tar -xvf pisugar-archlinux_<version>_all.tar.gz

5. Edit the PKBUILD to support the RPi Zero 2W:

   Code Block
   arch=('arm' 'armhf' 'aarch64' 'x86_64')

Attaching the lid and connecting external cables

...

NUC Front Panel header

Connecting the NUC Front Panel header to the Raspberry Pi is necessary if want ATX power control from PiKVM.

...

• x4 MOSFET relays OMRON G3VM-61A1 or OMRON G3VM-61AY1.
  Don't use random relay modules or random optocouplers! Some of these may not be sensitive enough for the Raspberry Pi, some others may be low-level controlled. Either use relays that are activated by a high logic level, or follow the design provided and buy an OMRON. See details here.

• x4 390 Ohm resistors (see here for alternatives).

• 2x 4.7 kOhm resistors.

• x10+ dupont wires male-male.

• x1 a breadboard.

• various wires for the breadboard.

Dappnode base instance

This section describes the steps involved for installing the Dappnode Linux base instance (bare metal install).

backup NAS

Time machine backup for MacOS devices

First we'll install samba

sudo apt install samba

Add a samba user

sudo smbpasswd -a mtb
sudo usermod -g users mtb
vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

Configure samba

[global]
workgroup = openvino
min protocol = SMB2

# security
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
map to guest = Bad User

# mac Support
spotlight = yes
vfs objects = acl_xattr catia fruit streams_xattr
fruit:aapl = yes
fruit:time machine = yes

#NetShares 

[volumes]
comment = Time Machine
path = /timecapsule
valid users = @users
browsable = yes
writable = yes
read only = no
create mask = 0644
directory mask = 0755

Adjust permissions

 chmod 777 /timecapsule
 chown root:users /timecapsule/

Restart samba

service smbd restart

Connect to the samba server from MacOS finder

Go > Connect to server....

...

USB connections

The lsusb command should report the different connected USB devices:

mtb@netrabrick:~$ lsusb
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 1d6b:0104 Linux Foundation Multifunction Composite Gadget
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:0029 Intel Corp. AX200 Bluetooth
Bus 004 Device 005: ID 0bda:2838 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL2838 DVB-T
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 008: ID 04b4:0003 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. USB-UART LP
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Dappnode base instance

This section describes the steps involved for installing the Dappnode Linux base instance (bare metal install).

backup NAS

Use the Netrabrick as a local backup device.

Time machine backup for MacOS devices

FOAM.space anchor node

Dappnode

...